Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is an ideal environment for transmission of many pathogens, which lead to high morbidity and mortality in neonates. Microbial pathogens that cause nosocomial infections are known to have high resistance to many antibiotics, which leads to economic burdens, in addition to social and psychological factors affecting the families due to long durations in hospitals. Prevention of infection requires identification of contaminated environments and equipment, effective infection control programs, and judicious use of antimicrobial agents.

Methods: 244 neonates, who were admitted to NICU, and 235 residing neonates at Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC) in the months of May to July 2013, who were found positive for pathogenic infection, were subjected to the study. Pathogenic organisms were isolated and identified according to Standard Microbiological Methods, and an antibiogram was assessed against common antibiotics.

Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequently isolated bacterium from neonates at NICU and SCBU at a rate of 40% and 48%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae at a rate of 33% and 31%, respectively, while the less frequently isolated organisms were Staphylococcus haemolyticus (9% NICU and 5% SCBU) and S. hominis (7% NICU and 3% SCBU). Infection sites were 2 ear, nose, and throat (53% NICU and 58% SCBU); CSF (33% NICU and 3.85% SCBU); urine; eye swab (30% NICU and 47% SCBU); vein catheter (29% NICU); skin swab catheter (30% NICU and 27% SCBU); blood (11% ICU and 12% SCBU); umbilical swab (7% NICU and 18% SCBU); nasal swab (4% NICU and 12% SCBU); and catheter (30.33% NICU and 27% SCBU).

Conclusion: Data indicate a significant infection problem in Tripoli Medical Center Hospital and inefficient infection control programs. A. baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia were the predominant cause of neonatal infection at TMC. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens isolated in Neonatal Intensive Care and Special Care Baby Units, respectively, were K. pneumoniae (ESBL) (ESBL)(56.52% and 44.44%), carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (21.7% and 11.11%), and E. coli (ESBL) (13.04% and 5.56%).

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic resulting in major morbidity and premature death. It’s progressively increasing with age. Cases of obesity and overweight are increasing in Libya as well as all over the world, genetic and environmental factors playing a contributory role. With its known significant morbidity and mortality, obesity should draw the attention of the healthcare community, researchers, and policymakers in Libya. Aims of study: To identify the prevalence of obesity among secondary school students in Gharyian city and to study the relation between BMI and sex, education level, and food habit.

Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in secondary school students in Gharyian City was relatively low (4.2%) compared with other Arabic countries. The relation between BMI and education level and eating habits was significant. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in males than in females, and it was higher in the 1st-year and 2nd-year students.

Forty-five limb lengthening procedures are carried out in the Orthopedic department in Alkhadra Hospital in Tripoli the period between April 2006 and December 2010A retrograde study done Subjects and Methods A scanogram was used for measurement. All our cases

operated under general anesthesia. One bone at a time, for the tibia, we used the tourniquet. Distal or midshaft fibular osteotomy: If it was distal, we fix the distal segment to the tibia by a single screw for ankle stability. Two Schanz screws were inserted in the metaphyseal region above the proposed corticotomy site, another two screws just below it. As all our cases had proximal metaphyseal osteotomy, one skin incision was used, and two parallel periosteal incisions were performed. Gigli saw was used with or without drill holes, safeguarding the medulla. The Wagner apparatus was then installed. The wound was closed in layers over the drain. An antibiotic was given postoperatively; check if an x-ray was taken. On the second postoperative day, lengthening started and was recorded on the chart. In the other group the corticotomy was kept compressed for two weeks, and lengthening started in the same manner. We lengthen 1 mm per day, monitoring the patient's response. Some patients were taught how to use the apparatus on themselves, though most of the patients remained in the hospital until full length was achieved. Control x-ray prior to discharge unless complications were detected. Once the target length had been achieved, the frame was locked until a good quality of bone was seen radiologically; then the fixator was removed. All patients underwent vigorous physiotherapy from the first postoperative day Results from 45 patients include 10 males (22%) and 35 females (78%). Twenty-seven tibiae (60%), seventeen femora (37%), and one humerus were lengthened (3%). Lengthening ranged between 3 cm (18%) and 11 cm (3%). The cause of lengthening was residual poliomyelitis in 38 patients (84%), trauma in 4 patients (9%), and congenital shortening in 3 patients (7%). Complication: Only 5 cases (11%) had pin tract infection; malalignment of the longitudinal axis more than 5 degrees was noticed in 12 cases (27%); equinus deformity was noticed in 9 cases (20%) of tibial lengthening; and knee stiffness was observed in 11 cases (24%) of both femoral and tibial lengthening. There was neither serious infection nor deep venous thrombosis. With such an extended course of treatment, most of the patients had some problems that resolved with nonoperative intervention. Most patients experienced pain or discomfort during The course of treatment was managed by analgesics or by stopping the length for 1-2 days. Conclusion: In all patients the desired length was gained without any serious mechanical problems.